INFERTILITY ISSUES IN MALES

INFERTILITY: IS IT A FEMALE PROBLEM ONLY??????

Can there be male infertility?

Yes, male infertility can also be there. In one fifth of cases only males are responsible and in another 30% cases both male and female are responsible.

What is male infertility?

Infertile males are not able to produce healthy, motile sperm in appropriate amount. Few patients are able to produce sperms but they don’t have motility and others are not able to produce them in adequate no. One in every 20 men produces less no of sperms and one in another 100 is not able to produce any sperm.

How is male infertility diagnosed?

Generally no symptoms are there. Only thing is patients are not able to conceive. Medical check-up is needed to diagnose it.

What are the tests required?

Semen analysis is the only test required.

How to collect semen sample?

Semen sample is collected in sterile container near to laboratory after an abstinence of 3 days. That means no sex and masturbation for 3 days.

What is normal semen?

Volume 1-4cc

Count =/>20 million sperms/ml

Motility 60% of sperms should be progressively motile.

Morphology >14% should be normal.

What are other tests required for infertile male?

If semen analysis is normal, then you need to have postcoital test to check for cervical antisperm antibodies.

If semen analysis is abnormal, then hormonal profile same as female partner and in some cases testicular biopsy may be needed.

What are different factors that cause male infertility?

Sperm production issues (undescended testes, torsion, varicocele, infections and exposure to radiation, chemicals and medications)

Faulty sperm transport (infections, absent vas deferens, vasectomy

Hormone problems and sperm antibodies due to infections.

Can there be sex related problems in males that may lead to infertility?

Yes, there are many sex related problems like retrograde or premature ejaculation, no ejaculation, difficult erection, infrequent sex, spinal cord injury, any surgery on prostate and some medicines also that may lead to male infertility.

Is it preventable?

Yes, up to some extent it’s preventable.

What are the precautions needed?

You need to avoid smoking, excess of alcohol, heat (tight undergarments and hot water baths), have one partner to avoid STD’s, body building drugs. And if you are having any occupational hazards then follow safety guidelines.

What is the treatment for male infertility?

Depends upon semen analysis. You may be benefitted from few multivitamins or you may need advanced treatment like ICSI, donor sperm (Vicky donor)…….

 

 

For more queries visit http://www.drarchanabharti.com
 

 

 

PCOD:POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE

                       PCOD

• PCOD is polycystic ovarian disease in which you develop multiple no of follicles.
• Sex hormones get disturbed .Normally a little amount of androgens are produced by ovaries. But in PCOD increased amount of androgens are produced resulting in acne (pimples) and hirsuitism (abnormal hair growth over chin, face and chest).Thinning of scalp hair is also there.
• Most disturbing is irregular periods for teenagers, that may lead to depression.
• After marriage you may suffer infertility (inability to produce children) as your ovaries may not be producing eggs.
• In long term complications there may be your risk of diabetes, high blood pressure.
• This may run in families.
• Treatment of PCOD is simple as well as very difficult.
• Your doctor will ask you detailed history, do complete body examination and will order few tests like ultrasound, complete blood count, blood sugar, thyroid hormones and sex hormones.
• Healthy living (regular exercise, meditation, yoga and healthy eating) is key to success of treatment to PCOD.
• Eat lots of vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans and whole grains to limit saturated fats and control weight.
• In lean PCOD, do some exercise and meditation. Walking is a very good exercise that everyone can afford.
• Your doctor may prescribe you few medicines like Oral contraceptive pills to regulate your periods, metformin to control sugar and some multivitamins.
• For facial hair you can go for cosmetic treatment.

 

                      For further queries visit http://www.drarchanabharti.com

 

INFERTILITY:WE CAN TACKLE IT TOGETHER

“INFERTILITY-A BURNING ISSUE”

Irregular periods-hormonal imbalance-anovulation-infertility.

Medical conditions: PCOD, thyroid issue, endometriosis, blocked tubes, hostile cervical                                               mucus.

Implantation: Eggs after fertilisation by sperm don’t get implanted properly due to                                            improper luteal phase.

Age: Too young or too old, you may loose hold.

Sperms: production affected by infection, smoking, alcohol, excessive hot bath, tight                            underpants, working in hot conditions, drugs etc.

Weight: too thin or too fatty, you are in trouble.

Caffeine: instead of coffee have lots of water.

Smoking: poor egg quality

Stress: increases infertility

Life-style: exercise and eat healthy.

You can enjoy motherhood, if you can tackle these issues……

Having a query???? Visit www.drarchanabharti.com and book your free first consultation.

HAPPY VALENTINE DAY AND CELEBRATE CHILDREN DAY

YOUR JOURNEY FROM 14^TH FEBRUARY TO 14^TH NOVEMBER

Increase your chances of conception by following these simple tips:

I will have more chances of conception, if I am thin?

No, you need a minimum amount of fatty tissue to produce hormones responsible for conception. So ladies maintain ideal weight rather I must say ideal BMI (18.5 to 24.9) and waist/hip ratio (0.7) to celebrate children’s day.

More sex more chances of pregnancy?

No, sex every 2-3 days increases your chances to get your baby. If you are having no sex for more than 5 days, then it will increase no of sperms but mobile sperms will be reduced. So no more and no less.

Is every day fertile day?

No girls, equation is not that simple. You can calculate your fertile days.

How can I calculate my egg producing days?

• Check your temperature every morning same time before taking anything in the morning, it will be raised in fertile period.
• Check your vaginal discharge…wet, slippery and stretchable…you are ovulating (egg white consistency).
• Or go for ovulation prediction kits.

What is ovulation Calendar?

For regular cycles, you need to subtract 14 from your expected date of periods,2 days plus and minus is the margin.Eg.for a cycle of 28-32 days you need to have sex around 10-19^th day of your cycle counting first day of bleeding as day1.

Sex early in the morning increases my chances of getting pregnant?

Time has nothing to do with it.

What is the ideal position for getting intimate with my partner to increase my chances of getting a baby?

There is no ideal position, but it will be better if you are lying on your back after consummation. So better to have it at bed time.

What are the do’s for sex?

GREET YOUR EGGS WITH SPERM SO HAVE

• Sex every 2-3 days
• At bed time
• Lie on your back after the act.
• Have it during your fertile period.

What are the don’ts of sex?

No lubricants like jelly, soap, Vaseline, oils.

Precautions needed when trying for conception?

Say no to drugs (recreational, steroids, antidepressants), alcohol, smoking, and more than 2 cups of caffeine, processed food, stress, starches, sugars and grains without fibre.

What are healthy foods?

Lose weight in healthy way. Use whole grains, carbohydrates from fruits and vegetables, fats from nuts, olives, coconut and organic eggs, proteins and lots of water.

Do I need any life-style change?

Yes, you need to sleep properly as less sleep -shorter luteal phase, too little fat –no eggs, too less or too much exercise-chemical locha and no eggs, more stress –no eggs.

What are the food supplements needed?

Folic acid, vitaminB, D & C, Omega 3 fatty acids, Zinc, Selenium.

CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR IF YOU ARE NOT ABLE TO CONCEIVE EVEN AFTER 6MONTHS OF UNPROTECTED SEX .

For more information/queries visit our website http://www.drarchanabharti.com

 

 

 

PLEASE RECOGNISE THE KNOCK …WORLD CANCER DAY

            WORLD CANCER DAY

Don’t ignore if

• You are having weight loss without dieting or exercise.
• You are not feeling hungry.
• You are having weakness or tiredness since a long.
• Any ulcer that says no to healing like oral ulcer or wound on any part of body.
• Any headache, vertigo, loss of vision without reason.
• You are having difficulty in swallowing your food.
• You are having any swelling in neck, underarms or any other area of body.
• Any lump or discharge breast.
• Long standing cough and blood in sputum.
• Any abnormal sensation of abdominal bloating, indigestion, or bleeding per rectum.
• Any vaginal discharge associated with foul smell and is copious.
• Any bleeding thro’ vagina after sex or bleeding after your period is over.
• Heavy periods.
• Any bleeding in urine, stools or thro’ nose….

Stay aware stay safe……

For more queries visit www.drarchanabharti.com. A website by the women and for the women…

 

 

 

“CERVICAL CANCER VACCINATION: DO WE REALLY NEED IT?’

“CERVICAL CANCER VACCINATION: DO WE NEED IT?”

 

What is cervical cancer?

It is the cancer of mouth of uterus. It’s the most common cancer among women of our country.

What is the cause of cancer cervix?

Cause of cancer cervix is HPV (Human Papilloma Virus).

Can it be prevented?

Yes, we can prevent cancer cervix.”PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE.”

How it can be prevented?

It can be prevented by HPV vaccine. It can also be prevented by keeping good hygiene, regular screening with Pap smear, limiting your sex –partners, by keeping good sexual hygiene, avoiding smoking and alcoholism.

What is the ideal age for HPV vaccination?

11-12 yrs is ideal age.

What if I have crossed the ideal age for vaccination?

Still you can receive vaccination… Efficacy is good if given till the age of even 26 yrs.

What is the maximum age limit?

Guidelines say unto 26 yrs, but if you want you can have after that also. “SOMETHING IS BETTER THAN NOTHING”

What is the minimum age for vaccination?

Minimum age is 9 yrs.

Why HPV vaccine is given so early?

Because HPV infection spreads thro’ sexual activity most commonly, so it is better to give HPV vaccine before the start of sexual activity or I must say before puberty onsets.

Is vaccine 100% effective?

No, it is not 100% effective. It gives protection mainly against two strains 16 and 18 which are responsible for 70% of cervical cancers. And efficacy is 95.8% against vaccine related strains.

How many doses should I take?

You should complete your dose schedule of minimum of 2 doses between 6-24 months if you are below 15 yrs of age and 3 if you are above 15 yrs.

What if I don’t complete my dose schedule?

Then you won’t be protected. Single dose is not protective.

What are dose schedule for this vaccination?

2 doses for girls under the age of 15 yrs and after 15 yrs you need 3 doses.

What are the routes?

Sorry to say, this vaccine is not given by mouth unlike polio one. Route gives some pain as it is an injection. “No pain, no gain.”

If I complete my dose schedule, then I am protected for whole life. Is it true?

No, you are protected for 10 yrs. After that according to antibody titres you may need vaccine again.

Will I be protected if I‘ve crossed the age of vaccination?

Yes, up to some extent. If you are exposed to vaccine related strains already, then no.

Does HPV vaccine give protection against other strains of HPV or other STD’s?

Vaccine is protective for 16,18,6 and 11 strains mainly. For protection of other sex related disease you need to wear condom.

What are the side-effects of HPV vaccine?

No medicine is without side-effects, so are the vaccines. Side- effects are mild irritation or pain at injection site or some temperature, nausea, vomiting or fainting attacks. But these are mild and will get settled in a day or two. To avoid fainting attacks, remain seated for 15-20 mins after vaccination.

Are there any major side- effects of this vaccine?

Practically almost nil major side-effects, except severe allergic reaction, that can be life-threatening.

What are the contraindications of HPV vaccine?

Pregnancy, severe illness or allergies and allergy to previous dose of vaccine.

Can I get pregnant during vaccination?

No.

After how long I can become pregnant of completion of my dose schedule?

No effects on babies born to mothers having HPV vaccine has been reported, so no recommendations have been made.

What if I found myself pregnant and I have taken vaccine?

You need not to worry. Withhold your vaccine and complete your dose schedule after the birth of baby.

Do I need to have my pregnancy checked before vaccination?

No.

Is there any contraindication to breast feeding during vaccination?

No.

Do I need screening even after vaccination?

Yes, you need screening on same screening schedule as advised.

Will it cure my previous infection?

No.

After how long of vaccination will I be protected?

Immunity is at its peak after 3^rd dose of vaccine .You can say after one month of 3^rd dose.

Key words: Vaccine,HPV, Dose, Protection, Age.

FOR FURTHER QUERIES VISIT: http://www.drarchanabharti.com

 

 

 

WHAT SHOULD EVERY WOMAN KNOW ABOUT CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING BY PAP/HPV????

WHAT SHOULD EVERY WOMAN KNOW ABOUT CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING BY PAP/HPV??????

What is the meaning of screening?

Screening is done for detection of a disease in its early stage for effective cure.

What are different methods for cervical cancer screening?

Pap smear, liquid based cytology and human papilloma virus.

What is Pap smear?

Pap smear detects changes in cells that take place before cancer formation in cervical cells that if not treated may turn into overt cancer.

What is liquid based cytology?

It is similar to Pap smear with the exception that slides are not prepared in opd; cells are directly transferred to laboratory in liquid media.

What is HPV?

HPV is a DNA virus causing cervical cancer changes.

What are the precautions to be taken care of before Pap test?

1. You should be free from your menstrual cycle before Pap.
2. Don’t use any douching, tampon, foam, medicine, cream or jelly before Pap.
3. No sex before Pap.

When will I get my Pap test report?

From as early as same day to as long as 3 weeks.

How difficult is this test?

It is very simple and Opd procedure of just few seconds.

Is it painful?

Not at all.

Do I need any kind of anaesthesia before Pap?

Not at all.

Do I need any rest after this?

No.

May I bleed after Pap?

Yes, sometime you may do, but it is just spotting not heavy bleeding. You don’t need pad usually after pap.

When should I get myself screened for cancer cervix with Pap?

As early as at the age of 21 yrs if you are sexually active.

How frequently should I get Pap smear?

Every 3 years if your pap test is normal.

Can I combine Pap smear with HPV?

Yes, you can do both the tests in same sitting.

Till what age should I get Pap test?

Till the age of 65 yrs of age.

When should I stop Pap test?

After the age of 65 yrs, if you have got your uterus removed for benign conditions like fibroid and your 3 smears are negative for any abnormal cell for 3 consecutive years.

Is Pap test going to affect my pregnancy?

No.

 Can men be screened for HPV?

Unfortunately no. Men cannot be screened for HPV.

When should I get myself screened for HPV?

At the age of 30 yrs.

What if my Pap smear is normal and HPV negative?

Then you can wait for 5 yrs for next screening.

What if my Pap smear is normal and HPV positive?

It indicates you are having cancer causing virus, but your cervix is free from cancer at present. You need to get yourself screened again after one year for Pap and HPV.

What if my Pap is abnormal and H  PV negative?

It means your cell changes are unlikely caused by HPV. Your doctor will have a closer look at your cervix and may do a colposcopy guided biopsy.

Does positive HPV means I am having cancer?

No, it does not mean you are having cancer. But it can be a warning sign.

What if I have positive HPV and abnormal Pap?

That doesn’t mean you are having cancer, but it says get yourself treated and have regular follow-up.

Is there any side-effect of these screening tests?

Yes, these tests may be false positive or false negative.

False positive?

Yes, abnormal cells or positive HPV in the absence of actual cancer. It may result in unnecessary treatment or apprehension in patients.

And false negative?

Normal cells or absent HPV in presence of cancer cells. It may result in delay of treatment.

How effective is Pap smear screening?

It is quite effective to detect cervical cancer and prevent cervical cancer related deaths and morbidity.

Key words: Pap, HPV, Screening, Cancer, Cells.

For more queries visit us at http://www.drarchanabharti.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

KNOW ABOUT CERVICAL CANCER

 

“KNOW ABOUT CERVICAL CANCER”

KNOW ABOUT CERVICAL CANCER

What is cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer is cancer of mouth of uterus.

How common is it?

It is most common cancer of females in India.

When should I visit a gynaecologist to rule out cervical cancer?

If you are having copious foul smelling white discharge, post-coital bleeding, post-menopausal bleeding or intermenstrual bleeding.

What causes cervical cancer?

It is caused by a virus known as Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).

How is HPV transmitted?

Spreads via skin-to-skin genital contact, deep penetration is not mandatory.

Does condom gives protection against HPV?

As HPV can be transmitted by skin-to-skin contact and deep penetration is not mandatory for its spread, so condom is not protective.

Is circumcision of male partner is protective against cervical cancer?

Yes, as circumcised males harbour less virus.

What are the risk factors for cervical cancer?

Early coitus, multiparity, less gap between two conceptions, multiple sexual partners, poor hygiene, poor socioeconomic status, smoking and drug abuse like alcohol, lack of immunity, women having STD’s.

Can warts lead to cancer of cervix?

Warts are benign .That means these are caused by low risk viruses that are not known to cause cancer.

Can cervical cancer be prevented?

Yes, it can be prevented.

What are the methods of prevention of cervical cancer?

Screening and vaccination.

What is screening?

Screening is method of detection of cancer at an early stage. In early stages if detected then treatment is possible and effective.

What are the screening methods used for cervical cancer detection?

Most common and cost effective method is Pap smear screening. Other methods are costly: LBC, HPV and Colposcopy.

Can cervical cancer be prevented through vaccination?

Yes, it can be prevented through vaccination against HPV.

Key words: Cancer, Cervix, HPV, Prevention, Screening.

For queries visit www.drarchanabharti.com

 

WHITE DISCHARGE-WHAT IS NORMAL AND WHAT IS ABNORMAL???

“WHITE DISCHARGE- WHAT IS NORMAL AND WHAT IS ABNORMAL????”

“WHITE DISCHARGE-WHAT IS NORMAL AND WHAT IS ABNORMAL????”

Why do I get white discharge vagina?

Vaginal discharge serves as guard to female genital organs by keeping bacteria and dead cells away from the system. This is produced by glands of cervix and vagina. If this system is distorted, you will get abnormal discharge. There will be more discharge if you are in the phase of egg production, pregnant or sexually aroused.

What will tell me if it’s normal or abnormal?

Amount, colour and smell of the discharge and associated symptoms like itching, burning, bleeding between periods and after sex with your partner.

What types of colours are there for discharge to be labelled as normal?

Clear and watery without any odour, clear and stretchy, brownish before or immediately after periods……

What causes abnormal discharge vagina?

Infection by bacteria, fungus or parasite infestation, excessive use of antibiotics, steroids, birth control pills, perfumed soaps, allergy to soaps, deodorants and undergarments, cancer, diabetes, low Haemoglobin, thyroid disorder, old age due to loss of hormones like estrogens…..

What should I expect from my doctor?

Your doctor will do your check-up after asking few questions and can order some tests to reach a conclusion.

When to seek an appointment from a doctor?

Discharge associated with fever, foul smell, pain lower abdomen, weight loss without any disease, fatigue and increased frequency of urination, bleeding between cycles or after sex.

What are the tests to diagnose it?

Scrapings (PAP’S SMEAR) from cervix to check cancer or HPV .Examination of discharge  under a microscope to see exact causative agent.

What if I don’t get any check-up or treatment?

If discharge is normal then nothing to worry, but before you label it as safe you need to have a check-up by your doctor. But if discharge is associated with any of the above mentioned symptoms, be careful. You may have cancer, infection which may be in early stage and curable.

How can I avoid or prevent this?

Practice good local and sexual hygiene, wear loose cotton underwear. Douches should not be used chronically as they may destroy useful bacteria. Condom is best to avoid sexually transmitted diseases and discharge. When you are using antibiotics for more than 10 days, then increase your dose of yoghurt.

 SO LADIES CARRY HOME MESSAGE IS PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE. STAY EDUCATED STAY SAFE…..

For more queries pay a visit to http://www.drarchanabharti.com

Key words:  Hygiene, Discharge, Normal, Abnormal, Prevention.

“WHY ME AGAIN AND AGAIN???”

“WHY ME AGAIN AND AGAIN????”

Frequently patients are coming to opd’s very distressed with burning micturition again and again and they are losing their productive hours in visiting clinics. Here are few tips to reduce these distressing symptoms and you can save your productive hours

What is recurrent UTI?

UTI that develops within 2 weeks of treated UTI with new infection or by original uropathogen.

What is the incidence of recurrent UTI?

0.3 -7.6 Episodes / year. Most recurrent infections are from bacteria colonizing the faecal / periuretheral reservoir.

What are the symptoms of UTI?

Dysuria/frequency/urgency/hematuria/backpain/costovertebral-angle tenderness/absence of vaginal discharge and irritation.

Why is this happening again and again?

If you are having frequent sex, using spermicides and diaphragms for contraception, you are having focus for it like calculus, abscess, cystic disease, douches.

How can I prevent it?

Stay well hydrated, void regularly, avoid douches, scented bubble bath, void immediately after coitus, wear loose undergarments, practice basic restroom hygiene like washing your private area from front to back and never vice versa, eat vitamin –C rich foods.

Does this have any relation with menstruation or my partner?

Yes, very well, if your menstrual or sexual hygiene is poor, then you are likely to suffer from recurrent UTI.

What should I do, if I am the victim for it?

You can start 3-day antibiotics therapy with flouroquinolones all by yourself, but if you are not relieved then consult your consultant and get yourself investigated and treated. Also you can have cranberry juice or tablets.

What are the mandatory investigations for me?

Urine routine, microscopy and culture.

What is the carry home message?

THE CARRY HOME MESSAGE IS TO KEEP YOURSELF WELL HYDRATED AND HAVE GOOD MENSTRUAL AND SEX HYGEINE………..

KEY WORDS;

Recurrent, UTI, hydration, hygiene ,message.

 

 

WHY ME AGAIN AND AGAIN????

Frequently patients are coming to opd’s very distressed with burning micturition again and again and they are losing their productive hours in visiting clinics. Here are few tips to reduce these distressing symptoms and you can save your productive hours

What is recurrent UTI?

UTI that develops within 2 weeks of treated UTI with new infection or by original uropathogen.

What is the incidence of recurrent UTI?

0.3 -7.6 Episodes / year. Most recurrent infections are from bacteria colonizing the faecal / periuretheral reservoir.

What are the symptoms of UTI?

Dysuria/frequency/urgency/hematuria/backpain/costovertebral-angle tenderness/absence of vaginal discharge and irritation.

Why is this happening again and again?

If you are having frequent sex, using spermicides and diaphragms for contraception, you are having focus for it like calculus, abscess, cystic disease, douches.

How can I prevent it?

Stay well hydrated, void regularly, avoid douches, scented bubble bath, void immediately after coitus, wear loose undergarments, practice basic restroom hygiene like washing your private area from front to back and never vice versa, eat vitamin –C rich foods.

 

Does this have any relation with menstruation or my partner?

Yes, very well, if you’re menstrual or sexual hygiene is poor, then you are likely to suffer from recurrent UTI.

What should I do, if I am the victim for it?

You can start 3-day antibiotics therapy with flouroquinolones all by yourself, but if you are not relieved then consult your consultant and get yourself investigated and treated. Also you can have cranberry juice or tablets.

What are the mandatory investigations for me?

Urine routine, microscopy and culture.

What is the carry home message?

THE CARRY HOME MESSAGE IS TO KEEP YOURSELF WELL HYDRATED AND HAVE GOOD MENSTRUAL AND SEX HYGEINE………..

KEY WORDS;

Recurrent, UTI, hydration, hygiene ,message.